糖尿病患者血中相关指标及微量元素改变的研究

目的测定糖尿病患者外周血中CD62p、CD63、CD42a、CD4、CD8、CD3、CDl6＋56和微量元素锌（Zn）、铬（Cr）含量。方法应用流式细胞术测定CD62p、CD63、CIM2a、CD4、CD8、CD3、CD16＋56；用原子吸收光谱法测定Zn、Cr。结果糖尿病患者CD4、CD3、CD16＋56、Zn、Cr水平显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．01），而CD62p、CD63、CD42a、CD8水平则显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。结论糖尿病患者血小板膜糖蛋白（CD62p、CD63、CD42a）和免疫功能指标（CD4、CD8、CD3、CD16＋56）及微量元素、锌（Zn）、铬（Cr）的含量在糖尿病病情观察、临床诊断治疗中可能起着一定的作用。     

护理干预在门诊胃食管反流病患者中的应用

目的:探讨护理干预在门诊胃食管反流病(GERD)治疗中的应用及效果.方法:将114例GERD患者随机分成干预组和对照组各57例,两组患者采用相同的药物治疗,干预组在药物治疗的基础上辅以综合的护理干预,治疗4周和8周后采用反流性疾病问卷(RDQ)比较两组患者治疗前后的临床症状积分及疗效.结果:两组患者治疗前RDQ评分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),治疗4周和8周后干预组RDQ症状积分及疗效与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:对GERD患者在药物治疗的基础上加以综合的护理干预能有效改善患者临床症状,提高治疗效果.     

心脏机械瓣膜置换术后华法林低强度抗凝疗效观察

目的探讨安徽地区汉族人心脏机械瓣膜置换术后华法林低强度抗凝应用于患者的安全性,为瓣膜置换术后患者给予最佳的华法林抗凝剂量及最佳的INR控制标准提供参考。方法对安徽医科大学第一附属医院2010年1月至2013年1月期间509例安徽省地区汉族人群人工机械瓣膜置换术后的患者给予华法林低强度抗凝治疗。随访期间,记录其PT、INR值及华法林剂量。统计出血及血栓、栓塞等不良事件的发生。结果失访及数据不完整的有40例,数据较完整的有469例,随访1～37个月,平均（18.13±6.02）月,总随访1 960.8人年。男211例,女258例,平均年龄（40.52±13.38）岁,其中行MVR 268例,AVR 115例,DVR 86例。所换瓣膜均为双叶机械瓣膜,其中153枚St.Jude Regent瓣膜,291枚CarboMedics瓣膜,111枚国产GKS瓣膜。结果平均INR为2.11±0.56,平均华法林剂量为（3.124±2.4）mg。共有47例抗凝相关并发症,其中出血事件37例（发生率为1.89%pt-y）,血栓、栓塞事件有10例（发生率为0.51%pt-y）。另外,5例死亡,与抗凝相关有3例。术前患者共有316例合并房颤,43例合并左房血栓。结论安徽省人群瓣膜置换术后患者INR控制在1.8～2.2是合适的,可以有效控制血栓、栓塞及出血等并发症的发生。合并房颤患者及行DVR的患者的抗凝相关并发症发生率较高,此类患者应加大复查频次,及时调整华法林剂量。     

Comparison of plasma,saliva, and hair lamotrigine concentrations

BackgroundIn some clinical situations (pregnancy, aging, drug resistance, toxicity), measurements of lamotrigine plasma levels may be reliable. Limited studies indicate that saliva and hair could be alternative sources for monitoring lamotrigine therapy. The drug content in hair can also be used to assess the history of drug therapy and to ascertain long-term patient compliance. The aims of this study were to 1) determine the correlations among plasma, saliva, and hair lamotrigine concentrations, 2) evaluate saliva as an alternative matrix for monitoring drug levels and 3) evaluate hair as a source of information on adherence to antiepileptic treatment and on the correlation of hair concentrations with clinical outcomes in patients with epilepsy.MethodsPlasma, saliva, and hair lamotrigine concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in positive ionization mode. The study group (n = 85) was recruited among the epileptic patients at the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.ResultsPlasma concentrations were not influenced by sex, age, or the concomitant use of other antiepileptic drugs. Lamotrigine saliva and plasma concentrations were strongly correlated (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). Lamotrigine hair concentrations were correlated with the plasma concentrations (r = 0.53, p < 0.001) and daily dose in mg/kg (r = 0.23, p = 0.024). The analysis revealed no significant correlation between lamotrigine hair levels and the number of seizures in the previous 3 months (r = -0.1, p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe lamotrigine saliva concentration is strongly correlated with its plasma level, and saliva can be used as an alternative matrix to plasma for monitoring. Lamotrigine can also be successfully measured in hair, and the drug levels in hair tend to be correlated with the levels in plasma. However, lamotrigine levels in hair may not correspond to clinical outcomes (i.e., seizure episodes).     

手法小切口白内障术中后囊破裂原因与处理

目的 探讨手法小切口白内障囊外摘出（MSICS）术中晶状体后囊破裂的原因及处理方法。方法 回顾分析360眼手法小切口白内障囊外摘出联合后房型人工晶状体植入术的临床资料，对其中26眼术中后囊破裂的原因和处理进行探讨。结果 术中全部植入人工晶状体，术后矫正视力≥0．3者22眼（84．62％），无严重并发症。结论 晶状体后囊破裂为手法小切口白内障囊外摘出联合后房型人工晶状体植入术中最常见并发症，可发生于诸多步骤。谨慎操作，可降低其发生率；正确处理可以获得良好的手术效果。     

三氧化二砷抗肝癌作用的研究进展

 临床已证实三氧化二砷（As2O3）能有效治疗急性早幼粒细胞性白血病，在此基础上，有关As2O3抗肝癌作用的研究报告也越来越多，该文就As2O3抗肝癌作用的实验研究和临床应用作一综述。     

严重烧伤后不同时段酸碱失衡类型变化的探讨

目的 :探讨严重烧伤病人在伤后不同时段 (伤后 1～ 3天、 4～ 1 0天、 >1 0天 )发生酸碱失衡类型的变化 ,分析其发生的原因及机理。方法 :利用新的酸碱失衡四步判断法对我科 1 990年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 1 2月住院的 1 5 3例严重烧伤病人同步检测的血气分析和电解质结果进行分析判断。结果 :(1 )全组患者除 1 6例酸碱失衡类型属正常外 ,其余 1 37例中 ,单纯性酸碱失衡类型 4 4例 ,其中以呼吸性碱中毒 (呼碱 )最多 ,2 3例 ;双重性 5 7例 ,以呼吸性碱中毒并代谢性酸中毒 (代酸 )为主 ,2 3例 ;三重性 36例 ,以呼吸性碱中毒并高阴离子间隙 (AG)代酸并代谢性碱中毒 (代碱 )为主 ,共 2 3例。 (2 )在休克期 (伤后 1～ 3天 )以单纯性酸碱失衡类型为主 ,最多见的类型是代谢性酸中毒 (1 4例 ) ,在水肿回收期 (伤后 4～ 1 0天 )与修复期 (伤后 1 0天以后 )均以双重性酸碱失衡类型为主 ,但最多见的类型分别是呼碱 (9例 )与呼碱并代碱 (5例 )。结论 :严重烧伤患者在伤后不同时段的酸碱失衡类型比较复杂 ,烧伤休克期的酸碱失衡类型最多 ,修复期最少。发生率最多的是呼碱、呼碱并代酸以及呼碱并高阴离子间隙代酸并代碱。在各时段中 ,三重性酸碱失衡并不少见 ,以呼碱并高AG代酸并代碱为主。     

Does postural chain muscular stiffness reduce postural steadiness in a sitting posture?

This study investigated the effect of postural chain muscular stiffening on postural steadiness when it is rhythmically perturbed by respiration. It consisted of an analysis of centre of pressure (CP) displacements when constant sub-maximum pushing efforts were performed in a sitting posture. Muscular stiffness, assessed by surface electromyography (iEMG), was imposed at two controlled levels, using two intensities of pushing effort (20% and 40% of the maximum voluntary contraction: 20MVC and 40MVC). Lumbo-pelvic mobility was varied using two different support areas at the seat contact (100% and 30% of the ischio-femoral length: 100BP and 30BP). Respiratory disturbance to posture was varied using two respiratory rate conditions (quiet breathing (QB), which is the spontaneous rate, and fast breathing (FB) at a rate imposed by a metronome). The results demonstrated that an increased push effort was associated to a higher iEMG level, and induced greater mean deviation (X (p)) and sway path (SP) of antero-posterior CP displacements. It was concluded that postural muscle stiffness reduces postural steadiness. It was suggested that it could be related to a weaker compensation of respiratory disturbance to body posture.